Statistics Tutorials and Data Analysis Guides

Paired multi-category symmetry analysis McNemar Bowker Test: Formula, Interpretation, Calculator, Python, R, SPSS and Excel Guide McNemar Bowker Test extends McNemar’s paired binary test to a…

Stratified 2 × 2 analysis for a common adjusted association Mantel Haenszel Test: Formula, Calculator, Interpretation, Python, R, SPSS and Excel Guide Mantel Haenszel Test is…

Likelihood-ratio inference for a two-way contingency table Likelihood Ratio Chi Square: Formula, Interpretation, Python, R, SPSS, SAS and Excel Guide Likelihood Ratio Chi Square tests whether…

Chance-corrected agreement for two paired binary classifications Kappa Statistic: Formula, Interpretation, Calculator, Python, R, SPSS, SAS and Excel Guide Kappa Statistic measures agreement between two raters,…

Likelihood-ratio goodness-of-fit analysis for one categorical variable G Test: Formula, Interpretation, Goodness-of-Fit Example, Python, R, SPSS and Excel Guide G Test is the likelihood-ratio counterpart to…

Multi-rater categorical agreement Fleiss Kappa: 7 Essential Steps, Formula and Worked Example The Fleiss Kappa statistic measures chance-corrected agreement when three or more rating columns classify…

Conditional exact inference for a 2 × 2 contingency table Fisher’s Exact Test: Formula, Calculator, Interpretation, Python, R, SPSS, SAS and Excel Guide Fisher’s Exact Test…

Exact conditional inference for contingency tables larger than 2 × 2 Fisher Freeman Halton Test: Formula, Calculator, Interpretation, Python, R, SPSS and Excel Guide The Fisher…

Chance-corrected agreement for two classifiers or rating occasions Cohen’s Kappa: Formula, Interpretation, Calculator, Python, R, SPSS and Excel Guide Cohen’s Kappa measures agreement between two classifications…

Repeated-measures test for three or more related binary responses Cochran’s Q Test: Formula, Interpretation, Post Hoc Comparisons, Python, R, SPSS and Excel Guide Cochran’s Q Test…