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Academic Support AP Statistics Unit 1: Exploring One-Variable Data and Collecting Data

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic

36 visible MCQs, 14 FRQ sets, formulas, worked answers, and direct links to the complete AP Statistics practice system.

Published July 18, 2026Updated August 7, 2026By Engr. Muhammad Yar Saqib46 min read
Statistics guide Ethical learning support SPSS/R/Python/Excel friendly
AP Statistics Practice

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic practice bank: Solve the visible multiple-choice and free-response questions, then compare every step with the worked answers.

MCQs36
FRQ sets14
AnswersVisible
Topic links73 pages

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic: formulas and targets

Simple random sampleSelect individuals by a random mechanism.
Stratified sampleSample from every important subgroup.
Cluster sampleRandomly select whole natural groups.

Sampling Methods multiple-choice practice

Question 1. Sampling Methods

A community college in Coastal Plains during a monthly quality review plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: A

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 1. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 2. Sampling Methods

A regional hospital in Cedar Grove during a two-month observation window plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  3. C. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 2. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 3. Sampling Methods

A grocery cooperative in Pine Ridge during a summer implementation review plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: C

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 4. Sampling Methods

A city transit agency in Atlantic Corridor during a community outreach cycle plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.
  4. D. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 4. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 5. Sampling Methods

A solar installer in Pacific Northwest during a winter readiness review plans to assign every person a number and use a random-number generator to choose the sample. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.
  4. D. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 5. Sampling Methods: This is a simple random sample. The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 6. Sampling Methods

A county library in Coastal Plains during a six-week field trial plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  4. D. Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

Answer: D

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 7. Sampling Methods

A regional hospital in Pine Ridge during a pre-exam training cycle plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  4. D. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.

Answer: A

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 7. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 8. Sampling Methods

A solar installer in Desert County during a baseline measurement week plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  4. D. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Answer: D

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 8. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 9. Sampling Methods

A city transit agency in South Harbor during a community outreach cycle plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  3. C. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: B

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 9. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 10. Sampling Methods

A digital learning platform in Desert County during a randomized pilot period plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.
  2. B. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  3. C. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: A

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 11. Sampling Methods

A food safety laboratory in Cedar Grove during a randomized pilot period plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.
  2. B. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  3. C. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: A

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 11. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 12. Sampling Methods

A municipal emergency dispatch center in Mountain Region during a two-month observation window plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  2. B. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  3. C. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  4. D. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.

Answer: B

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 12. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 13. Sampling Methods

A county library in Great Lakes during a community outreach cycle plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 13. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 14. Sampling Methods

A city transit agency in South Harbor during a regional benchmarking study plans to assign every person a number and use a random-number generator to choose the sample. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 14. Sampling Methods: This is a simple random sample. The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 15. Sampling Methods

A grocery cooperative in Central County during a yearly program evaluation plans to assign every person a number and use a random-number generator to choose the sample. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.
  4. D. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 15. Sampling Methods: This is a simple random sample. The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 16. Sampling Methods

A city recreation department in Midwest consortium during a randomized pilot period plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  3. C. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  4. D. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Answer: D

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 16. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 17. Sampling Methods

A municipal emergency dispatch center in Pacific Northwest during a baseline measurement week plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  4. D. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 17. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 18. Sampling Methods

A digital learning platform in South Harbor during a follow-up evaluation period plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  4. D. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Answer: D

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 18. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 19. Sampling Methods

A solar installer in Sunbelt district during a pre-exam training cycle plans to assign every person a number and use a random-number generator to choose the sample. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: A

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 19. Sampling Methods: This is a simple random sample. The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 20. Sampling Methods

A community college in Central County during a regional benchmarking study plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  3. C. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 20. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 21. Sampling Methods

A food safety laboratory in Pacific Northwest during a monthly quality review plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 21. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 22. Sampling Methods

A solar installer in Mountain Region during a follow-up evaluation period plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: C

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 23. Sampling Methods

A farm cooperative in Cedar Grove during a school-year data collection plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 23. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 24. Sampling Methods

A recycling program in Desert County during a randomized pilot period plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 24. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 25. Sampling Methods

A solar installer in Pine Ridge during a school-year data collection plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  4. D. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Answer: D

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 25. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 26. Sampling Methods

A regional airport authority in Pine Ridge during a baseline measurement week plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 26. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 27. Sampling Methods

A municipal water office in Sunbelt district during a monthly quality review plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 27. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 28. Sampling Methods

A county election office in Coastal Plains during a regional benchmarking study plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  3. C. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: B

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 28. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 29. Sampling Methods

A public high school in Metro East during a baseline measurement week plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  3. C. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  4. D. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Answer: D

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 29. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 30. Sampling Methods

A grocery cooperative in Metro East during a spring 2027 pilot plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  2. B. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  3. C. Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.
  4. D. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 30. Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Systematic sampling; A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 31. Sampling Methods

A recycling program in Lakeside district during a multiweek validation study plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.
  2. B. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  3. C. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: A

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 31. Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Cluster sampling; Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 32. Sampling Methods

A city transit agency in Desert County during a quarterly performance study plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.
  3. C. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: B

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 33. Sampling Methods

A community bank in Riverbend during a multiweek validation study plans to assign every person a number and use a random-number generator to choose the sample. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  3. C. Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.
  4. D. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.

Answer: C

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 33. Sampling Methods: This is a simple random sample. The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 34. Sampling Methods

A community bank in Great Lakes during a multiweek validation study plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.
  2. B. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  3. C. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  4. D. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.

Answer: A

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 35. Sampling Methods

A municipal emergency dispatch center in Midwest consortium during a community outreach cycle plans to assign every person a number and use a random-number generator to choose the sample. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.
  2. B. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.
  3. C. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  4. D. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.

Answer: A

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — Question 35. Sampling Methods: This is a simple random sample. The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice B: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Simple Random sampling; The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Question 36. Sampling Methods

A university advising center in New England network during a follow-up evaluation period plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. A. Random assignment, because sampling methods assign treatments.
  2. B. Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.
  3. C. Convenience sampling, because the researcher uses a list.
  4. D. Voluntary response, because selected individuals may answer questions.

Answer: B

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

Why the other choices fail

  • Choice A: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice C: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.
  • Choice D: It does not match the requested calculation. The correct comparison or result is: Stratified sampling; Every stratum contributes sampled individuals. Key check: Random sampling supports generalization; it does not by itself establish causation.

Sampling Methods free-response practice

10-point analytic study rubric used for the sets below
EvidencePoints
Correct target, notation, direction, or group order2
Correct method/model and defensible conditions2
Correct setup and execution3
Contextual interpretation and scope/limitation2
Clear communication with units and labels1

FRQ set 1: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A state park in North Valley during a spring 2027 pilot plans to assign every person a number and use a random-number generator to choose the sample. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 1: Sampling Methods: This is a simple random sample. The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.

FRQ set 2: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A university advising center in Cedar Grove during a pre-exam training cycle plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 2: Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

FRQ set 3: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A community college in Prairie District during a winter readiness review plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 3: Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

FRQ set 4: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A regional airport authority in Atlantic Corridor during a quarterly performance study plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

FRQ set 5: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A grocery cooperative in Cedar Grove during a service-improvement study plans to assign every person a number and use a random-number generator to choose the sample. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 5: Sampling Methods: This is a simple random sample. The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.

FRQ set 6: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A state park in Mountain Region during a two-month observation window plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 6: Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

FRQ set 7: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A municipal emergency dispatch center in North Valley during a yearly program evaluation plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 7: Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

FRQ set 8: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A city recreation department in Great Lakes during a school-year data collection plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 8: Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

FRQ set 9: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A regional hospital in Metro East during a spring 2027 pilot plans to choose a random start from the first 20 records and then select every 20th record. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 9: Sampling Methods: This is a systematic sample. A random start is followed by a fixed selection interval.

FRQ set 10: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A digital learning platform in Midwest consortium during a community outreach cycle plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

FRQ set 11: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A recycling program in South Harbor during a quarterly performance study plans to assign every person a number and use a random-number generator to choose the sample. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 11: Sampling Methods: This is a simple random sample. The random mechanism selects individuals directly so every sample of the stated size can be selected.

FRQ set 12: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A digital learning platform in Great Lakes during a spring 2027 pilot plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 12: Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

FRQ set 13: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A wildlife clinic in Atlantic Corridor during a quarterly performance study plans to randomly select several homerooms and survey every student in the selected homerooms. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

Sampling Methods: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic — FRQ set 13: Sampling Methods: This is a cluster sample. Whole randomly chosen natural groups are observed.

FRQ set 14: Sampling Methods

Scenario. A regional hospital in Capital Region during a summer implementation review plans to divide the frame by grade level, then take an SRS from every grade. Identify the sampling method and explain one defining feature.

  1. Identify the observational units, population, treatments or sampling frame, and the design goal.
  2. Describe the selection or assignment mechanism precisely enough that another researcher could implement it.
  3. Explain how the design controls bias, confounding, or variability, and identify a remaining limitation.
  4. State the scope of inference: population generalization, causal conclusion, both, or neither.

Model response

This is a stratified sample. Every stratum contributes sampled individuals.

Continue AP Statistics practice

AP Statistics Book 2027: Free Online Study Guide, Formulas, and Practice TestsOpen this practice pageAP Statistics Formula Sheet 2027: Formulas, Tables, and How to Use ItOpen this practice pageAP Statistics Exam Format 2027: Digital, 42 MCQs, and 4 FRQsOpen this practice pageAP Statistics Practice Test 2027: Full-Length Plan and AnswersOpen this practice pageAP Statistics Multiple-Choice Practice 2027: 42-Question StrategyOpen this practice pageAP Statistics FRQ Practice 2027: Four-Question Sets and SolutionsOpen this practice pageAP Statistics Exam Score Calculator 2027: Composite EstimateOpen this practice pageAP Statistics Calculator: Interactive Tools and Practice QuestionsOpen this practice pageAP Statistics Practice Questions by Topic: 2027 Five-Unit MapOpen this practice pageSampling Bias: Undercoverage, Nonresponse, and Response BiasOpen this practice pageExperimental Design: Treatments, Control, Randomization, and ReplicationOpen this practice pageRandomized Experiments, Blocking, and BlindingOpen this practice page

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Engr. Muhammad Yar Saqib author profile photo

Engr. Muhammad Yar Saqib

Engr. Muhammad Yar Saqib is an electrical engineer educated at the University of Bradford, United Kingdom, a writer and poet, and an Assistant Education Officer in the School Education Department, Punjab, serving since July 2017. He writes practical guides on statistics, SPSS, data analysis, mathematics and educational technology, with an emphasis on transparent methods, reproducible calculations and ethical learning support.

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