Validity, Factor Analysis and Scale Testing

Promax Rotation: The promax pattern has strong dominant loadings for G2, Walc, and Medu and nonzero factor correlations. The solution supports correlated…

Principal Component Analysis: The first three components explain 71.18% of total standardized variance and the fourth root is below one. A three-component…

RMSEA: RMSEA = 0.020492 indicates very close approximate fit for this 24-df model. The nonsignificant exact-fit test and low SRMR are consistent, but the…

Path Analysis: The observed model explains about 85% of G3 variance, dominated by G2. This is strong in-sample explanation, but temporal ordering…

SEM in AMOS: The audited AMOS specification reproduces the three-factor measurement system and two structural paths with excellent global fit. The…

SEM in R: The lavaan model yields excellent fit and the stated latent paths. Full interpretation requires standardized loadings, residuals, factor…

Scree Plot: The sharp decline through the first roots and flattening after the third is consistent with retaining three dimensions. Parallel analysis…

SEM in SmartPLS: The SmartPLS-style results show positive Educational Advantage and negative Social-Alcohol Exposure paths, modest R-squared, and positive…

Structural Equation Modeling: The model has excellent global fit, strong Academic Achievement measurement, and moderate latent structural explanation….

SRMR: SRMR = 0.035876 indicates a small average standardized residual for the covariance model. The residual matrix still needs inspection to locate any…